2.3. Regional approach
Ethnic
and cultural basis
[previous] [CONTENTS]
[next]
The ethnic factor is, without a doubt, the strongest one,
determining today and in the foreseeable future the
isolation of separate regions, and their particular
relationship with the center and with other regions.
The future of the Russian government as a defined integral
whole depends to a significant extent on its position toward
national governments and national territories, objectively
evoked by the wishes of the people and ended by the
inclusion in the 1977 constitution of unequal nations and
peoples, the creation of national territorial structure
of
the first (union republics), the second (autonomous
republics), the third (autonomous regions) and the fourth
(autonomous areas). In the line of territorial demarcation
of artificial bodies in one national territory structure
of
differing peoples, Kabardians and Balkartians, Chechens
and
Ingushans, Cherkessians and Karachaevans. The Ingush
Republic in the structure of the Russian Federation already
exists (although without a territory and capital, which,
it
seems no one will give the Ingushans and over which they
still must fight based on "legal procedures").
To such areas
are added such ambiguous problems as the creation of a
republic for the Germans of the Volga region, for Kazak
areas and the creation of national regions.
Various types of execution of the powers of the national
government structure depends on the level of activity of
the
aboriginal people, which in turn, determines:
-- the preponderance of native (non-Russian) people. --
An ethnic mosaic in the region (the existence of many
nationalities, none of which predominate)
-- a change in the population structure to the advantage
of the native population, owing to an anticipated higher
natural rate of growth compared to that of the Russian
population, and similarly, the departure of Russians from
the national structure.
-- the overtaking in population by non-Russian
nationalities.
-- the concentration of native population in the affairs
of
the government structures.
-- Historical relationship of the nation and
national culture with Russian culture.
From the four basic groups of national government structures
grouped by language family of the native populations
(Turkic, Mongolian, Finnish, and North Asian), in the
regions, turning toward the last two groups, the native
populations in most cases have strongly been assimilated
into Russian groups. Therefore here nationality factors
may
even be disguising the true, fundamentally economic factors
as motives for sovereignty.
For the first two groups, the ethnic factor is the decisive
one for the determination of their special behavior.
Movement toward interregional economic and political
cooperation in these republics on national soil can also,
by
all likelihood, strengthen (Tatarstan and Bashkortostan,
the
republics of the northern Caucasus, Buryatia and Tuva),
but
the creation of alliances is most oriented toward those
states with close ethnic relations (Kazakhstan, Turkey,
Mongolia).
To solve socio-cultural problems of some nationality living
in a given region, as the leadership of some republics can
attempt to do with the help of their isolation from Russia,
is impossible without having created the corresponding
conditions which would promote the revitalization of all
nationalities. In the opposite case (in the absence of
corresponding economic conditions), the actual cultural
revitalization of some will unavoidably occur at the expense
of the redistribution of resources and the restriction of
individual rights of other nationalities. And although in
the first stage of the burst of self-awareness of the
aboriginal people of the republic and autonomous regions
of
Russia is occurring in just such a manner, if it is not
an
economic boost, it inevitably winds up in a dead end.
The achievement of economic success, the revitalization
of
nations, harmony among them, and likewise the creation of
a
good neighborly relationship by different regions is only
possible when based firmly on interregional cooperation.
Nations upon which national government regions are trying
to rely in their own development potentially economically
significantly take a back seat to Russia, but the path of
national isolation in multi-ethnic regions, which
essentially comprise all the national government regions
of
Russia, is fraught with dangers of the possibility of
internal interethnic conflicts such as those in Yugoslavia.
In connection with these reasons, the interests of the
national regions include close economic cooperation with
each other and with Russian lands.
For the Russian regions, the motive for isolation may be
not ethnic, but plain regional factors, tied with the historical,
economic and geographical division of the country. The awareness
of one's own belonging to a definite part of the country
is most strongly felt in the inhabitants and leadership
of Russian regions of the Far East, Siberia, the Urals,
the Volga region, the Northern Caucasus and the European
North. It is not by accident that there are found regional
associations of economic cooperation, which could, in cases
of uncontrolled processes transform into political formations
of regional groupings with the goal of pressuring the center.
[up]
[previous] [CONTENTS]
[next]
|